Ingredients

Oxybenzone. A UV filter that is absorbed into the body and has possible hormone effects; the EU capped it at 2.2% and some places ban it over coral-reef harm.

Also written Oxybenzone

D6, a volatile silicone like D4 and D5. Fine on skin, but persistent in the environment — the EU restricts it in leave-on and wash-off products from 2026.

Also written D6

A mix of volatile silicones — mostly D5, sometimes D4 and D6. Silky on skin, but all three build up in the environment, and the EU restricts them.

D5, the most common volatile silicone — it gives a silky feel, then evaporates. Fine on skin, but it builds up in the environment, so the EU restricts it in wash-off products (since 2020) and in leave-on products (from 2026).

Also written D5

D4, a volatile silicone. Classed in the EU as possibly harmful to fertility and as persisting in the environment, so it's restricted in wash-off products since 2020 and in leave-on products from 2026.

Also written D4

Octinoxate. A UVB filter under review for possible hormone effects and banned in some reef areas.

Also written Octinoxate, Octyl Methoxycinnamate

A plastic used in scrubs and as a thickener. As microbeads it's a microplastic — banned in rinse-off products in many countries.

An antibacterial restricted in the EU and removed from US antibacterial soaps, over hormone effects, antibiotic resistance and environmental harm.